This work covers a wide range of issues, including the use of force, forensic-evidence gathering, and the use of informants and undercover agents. It is informed by a variety of sources, including existing practices and policies from various jurisdictions, social-science research, and constitutional norms.

The publication’s framework for building just and rational laws, policies, and practices will be useful to legislatures, policing agencies, courts, bodies that regulate or conduct oversight on policing, and the public. The Principles have already had an impact in the world, as some of the concepts—around things like democratic governance, pretextual stops, and use of force—are being written into law.

The development of this distinctive work was guided by an advisory group with a breadth of experiences. The group included not only judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys, but also police chiefs from across the United States and leaders of organizations that have expressed concern about policing practices, including those dealing with racial justice and civil liberties. The diverse group was unified by a shared respect for the policing function and the desire to improve police performance across a variety of metrics.

• Chapter 1. General Principles of Sound Policing
• Chapter 2. General Principles of Searches, Seizures, and Information Gathering
• Chapter 3. Policing with Individualized Suspicion
• Chapter 4. Police Encounters
• Chapter 5. Policing in the Absence of Individualized Suspicion
• Chapter 6. Policing Databases
• Chapter 7. Use of Force
• Chapter 8. General Principles for Collecting and Preserving Reliable Evidence for the Adjudicative Process
• Chapter 9. Forensic-Evidence Gathering
• Chapter 10. Eyewitness Identifications
• Chapter 11. Police Questioning
• Chapter 12. Informants and Undercover Agents
• Chapter 13. Agency and Officer Role in Promoting Sound Policing
• Chapter 14. Role of Other Actors in Promoting Sound Policing

Reporter:
Barry Friedman, New York University School of Law, New York, NY

Associate Reporters:
Brandon L. Garrett, Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Rachel A. Harmon, University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Tracey L. Meares, Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Maria Ponomarenko, University of Texas at Austin School of Law, Austin, TX
Christopher Slobogin, Vanderbilt University Law School, Nashville, TN 

Project Fellow:
Christy E. Lopez, Georgetown Law Center, Washington, D.C.