Contents
- Chapter 1 – General Principles of Sound Policing
- § 1.01. Scope and Applicability of Principles
- § 1.02. Goals of Policing
- § 1.03. Constitutional Policing
- § 1.04. Reducing Harm
- § 1.05. Transparency and Accountability
- § 1.06. Written Rules, Policies, and Procedures
- § 1.07. Promoting Police Legitimacy in Individual Interactions
- § 1.08. Community Policing
- § 1.09. Furthering Legitimate Policing Objectives
- § 1.10. Policing for the Purposes of Revenue Generation
- § 1.11. Policing on the Basis of Protected Characteristics or First Amendment Activity
- § 1.12. Interacting with Vulnerable Populations
- § 1.13. Interacting with and Supporting Victims of Crime
- Chapter 2 – General Principles of Searches, Seizures, and Information Gathering
- § 2.01. Suspicion-Based and Suspicionless Policing Activity
- § 2.02. Information Gathering
- § 2.03. Establishing Prior Justification for Government Action through Warrants and Recordings
- § 2.04. Use of Pretextual Policing
- § 2.05. Acquiring or Accessing Data, Records, or Physical Evidence Held by Third Parties
- § 2.06. Police Use of Algorithms and Profiles
- § 2.07. Heightened Intrusions
- § 2.08. Limiting the Impact of Outstanding Warrants
- Chapter 3 – Policing With Individualized Suspicion
- Chapter 4 – Police Encounters
- § 4.01. Officer-Initiated Encounters with Individuals
- § 4.02. Justification for Encounters
- § 4.03. Ensuring the Legitimacy of Police Encounters
- § 4.04. Permissible Intrusions During Stops
- § 4.05. Minimizing Intrusiveness of Stops and Arrests
- § 4.06. Consent Searches
- § 4.07. Searches Incident to a Lawful Custodial Arrest
- § 4.0x. Police-Involved Pursuits
- Chapter 5 – Policing in the Absence of Individualized Suspicion
- Chapter 6 – Policing Databases
- Chapter 7 – Use of Force
- Chapter 8 – General Principles for Collecting and Preserving Reliable Evidence for the Adjudicative Process
- Chapter 9 – Forensic-Evidence Gathering
- § 9.01. General Principles for Forensic Evidence
- § 9.02. Forensic-Evidence Collection
- § 9.03. Policies for Forensic Testing
- § 9.04. Quality Controls and Performance Testing
- § 9.05. Minimizing Human Factors in the Evaluation of Forensic Evidence
- § 9.06. Disclosure of Forensic Evidence
- § 9.07. Forensic-Evidence Preservation
- Chapter 10 – Eyewitness Identifications
- § 10.01. General Principles for Eyewitness Identification Procedures
- § 10.02. Eyewitness Identification Procedures
- § 10.03. Threshold for Conducting Eyewitness Identifications
- § 10.04. Showup Procedures
- § 10.05. Blind or Blinded Procedures
- § 10.06. Obtaining and Documenting Eyewitness Confidence Statements
- § 10.07. Reinforcement or Feedback
- § 10.08. Recording Eyewitness Identification Procedures
- Chapter 11 – Police Questioning
- Chapter 12 – Informants and Undercover Agents
- § 12.01. General Principles for Informants and Undercover Agents
- § 12.02. Assessing the Propriety of Using an Informant
- § 12.03. Assessing the Reliability of Evidence from Informants
- § 12.04. Documentation and Disclosure of Informant Evidence
- § 12.05. Involvement by Informants in Criminal Activity
- § 12.06. Oversight of Benefits to Informants
- § 12.07. General Principles for Undercover Officers
- Chapter 13 – Agency and Officer Role in Promoting Sound Policing
- § 13.01. Agency Role in Promoting Sound Policing
- § 13.02. Recruitment and Hiring
- § 13.03. Adequate Training for Agency Employees
- § 13.04. Promoting Officer Well-Being
- § 13.05. Supervision
- § 13.06. Individual Responsibility to Promote Sound Policing
- § 13.07. Responding to Allegations of Misconduct
- § 13.08. Incident Review
- Chapter 14 – Role of Other Actors in Promoting Sound Policing
- § 14.01. The Responsibility of Other Actors Regarding Sound Policing
- § 14.02. Legislative Responsibilities to Ensure Sound Policing
- § 14.03. Statutory Remedies for Violations
- § 14.04. Judicial Responsibilities with Regard to the Policing Function
- § 14.05. Prosecutor and Other Attorney Responsibilities for Ensuring Sound Policing
- § 14.06. The Federal Government’s Role in Policing
- § 14.07. External Oversight of Policing Agencies
- § 14.08. Minimizing Interference with Officer Accountability
- § 14.09. Promoting a Holistic Approach to Public Safety
- § 14.10. Data Collection and Transparency
- § 14.11. Research in Support of Sound Policing
- § 14.12. Criminal Investigation of Officers
- § 14.13. Certification and Decertification of Law-Enforcement Officers
- § 14.14. National Database of Decertifications
- § 14.15. The Role of Private Actors in Fostering Sound Policing